Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a contagious disease that primarily affects the lungs, but it can also impact other parts of the body. TB is spread through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, and others inhale the bacteria.

Symptoms:

• Persistent cough that lasts three weeks or longer
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood or sputum
• Fatigue
• Weight loss
• Fever
• Night sweats

Diagnosis:

TB is diagnosed through various tests, including:

• Tuberculin skin test (TST or PPD)
• Blood tests
• Chest X-rays
• Sputum tests

Treatment:

TB is treatable with a course of antibiotics, typically taken for six to nine months. It’s essential to complete the entire course of medication to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains.

Prevention:

Preventive measures include:

• Vaccination (BCG vaccine)
• Screening and treatment of latent TB infection
• Proper ventilation in living spaces
• Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette

Global Impact:

Tuberculosis remains a major global health issue, especially in developing countries. Efforts are ongoing to improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies to reduce the burden of TB worldwide.

TB and COVID-19:

During the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been concerns about the impact of the virus on individuals with TB and vice versa. Both conditions affect the respiratory system, and efforts are being made to ensure continuity in TB care amid the challenges posed by the pandemic.